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Aaron
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Aaron
 
 The eldest son of Amram and Jochebed, a daughter of Levi Ex 6:20
 Some explain the name as meaning mountaineer, others mountain of
 strength, illuminator. He was born in Egypt three years before his
 brother Moses, and a number of years after his sister Miriam
 Ex 2:1,4 7:7 He married Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab of
 the house of Judah Ex 6:23 1Ch 2:10 by whom he had four sons,
 Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. 
 
 When the time for the deliverance of Isarael out of Egypt drew nigh, 
 he was sent by God Ex 4:14,27-30 to meet his long-absent
 brother, that he might co-operate with him in all that they were
 required to do in bringing about the Exodus. He was to be the
 "mouth" or "prophet" of Moses, i.e., was to speak for him, because
 he was a man of a ready utterance Ex 7:1,2,9,10,19 He was
 faithful to his trust, and stood by Moses in all his interviews with
 Pharaoh. When the ransomed tribes fought their first battle with
 Amalek in Rephidim, Moses stood on a hill overlooking the scene of
 the conflict with the rod of God in his outstretched hand. On this
 occasion he was attended by Aaron and Hur, his sister's husband, who
 held up his wearied hands till Joshua and the chosen warriors of
 Israel gained the victory Ex 17:8-13
 
 Afterwards, when encamped before Sinai, and when Moses at the
 command of God ascended the mount to receive the tables of the law,
 Aaron and his two sons, Nadab and Abihu, along with seventy of the
 elders of Israel, were permitted to accompany him part of the way,
 and to behold afar off the manifestation of the glory of Israel's
 God Ex 19:24 24:9-11 While Moses remained on the mountain with
 God, Aaron returned unto the people; and yielding through fear, or
 ignorance, or instability of character, to their clamour, made unto
 them a golden calf, and set it up as an object of worship Ex 32:4
 Ps 106:19 On the return of Moses to the camp, Aaron was sternly
 rebuked by him for the part he had acted in this matter; but he
 interceded for him before God, who forgave his sin De 9:20
 
 On the mount, Moses received instructions regarding the system of
 worship which was to be set up among the people; and in accordance
 therewith Aaron and his sons were consecrated to the priest's office
 Le 8:1ff Le 9:1ff Aaron, as high priest, held henceforth the
 prominent place appertaining to that office. When Israel had reached
 Hazeroth, in "the wilderness of Paran," Aaron joined with his sister
 Miriam in murmuring against Moses, "because of the Ethiopian woman
 whom he had married," probably after the death of Zipporah. But the
 Lord vindicated his servant Moses, and punished Miriam with leprosy
 Nu 12:1ff Aaron acknowledged his own and his sister's guilt,
 and at the intercession of Moses they were forgiven.
 
 Twenty years after this, when the children of Israel were encamped
 in the wilderness of Paran, Korah, Dathan, and Abiram conspired
 against Aaron and his sons; but a fearful judgment from God fell
 upon them, and they were destroyed, and the next day thousands of
 the people also perished by a fierce pestilence, the ravages of
 which were only stayed by the interposition of Aaron Nu 16:1ff
 That there might be further evidence of the divine appointment of Aaron
 to the priestly office, the chiefs of the tribes were each required to 
 bring to Moses a rod bearing on it the name of his tribe. And these, 
 along with the rod of Aaron for the tribe of Levi, were laid up 
 overnight in the tabernacle, and in the morning it was found that while 
 the other rods remained unchanged, that of Aaron "for the house of 
 Levi" budded, blossomed, and yielded almonds Nu 17:1-10 This rod 
 was afterwards preserved in the tabernacle Heb 9:4 as a memorial 
 of the divine attestation of his appointment to the priesthood.
 
 Aaron was implicated in the sin of his brother at Meribah Nu 20:8-13 
 and on that account was not permitted to enter the Promised Land.
 When the tribes arrived at Mount Hor, "in the edge of the land of
 Edom," at the command of God Moses led Aaron and his son Eleazar to
 the top of that mountain, in the sight of all the people.  There he
 stripped Aaron of his priestly vestments, and put them upon Eleazar;
 and there Aaron died on the top of the mount, being 123 years old
 Nu 20:23-29  Comp. De 10:6 32:50 and was "gathered unto
 his people." The people, "even all the house of Israel," mourned for
 him thirty days.  Of Aaron's sons two survived him, Eleazar, whose
 family held the high-priesthood till the time of Eli; and Ithamar,
 in whose family, beginning with Eli, the high-priesthood was held
 till the time of Solomon. Aaron's other two sons had been struck
 dead Le 10:1,2 for the daring impiety of offering "strange
 fire" on the alter of incense.
 
 The Arabs still show with veneration the traditionary site of
 Aaron's grave on one of the two summits of Mount Hor, which is
 marked by a Muslim chapel. His name is mentioned in the Koran,
 and there are found in the writings of the rabbins many fabulous
 stories regarding him. He was the first anointed priest. His
 descendants, "the house of Aaron," constituted the priesthood in
 general. In the time of David they were very numerous 1Ch 12:27
 The other branches of the tribe of Levi held subordinate positions
 in connection with the sacred office. Aaron was a type of Christ in
 his official character as the high priest. His priesthood was a
 "shadow of heavenly things," and was intended to lead the people of
 Israel to look forward to the time when "another priest" would arise
 "after the order of Melchizedek" Heb 6:20
 
 See MOSES 25602
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